ACT vs. SAT: Key Differences and Conversion Guide

 As you navigate the college admissions process, the ACT and SAT are two standardized tests that you will encounter. While both assess academic readiness for college, they differ in structure, content, and scoring, which can influence a student’s preference or performance. This article aims to provide you with a comprehensive understanding of these differences and how to use an ACT to-SAT conversion chart, empowering you to make an informed decision about which test better aligns with your strengths.

The ACT includes four sections: English, Math, Reading, and Science, with an optional Writing test. This test, if taken, requires students to write an essay in response to a prompt. It emphasizes speed more, with questions requiring rapid comprehension and quick decision-making. The Math section covers algebra, geometry, and trigonometry, with calculators allowed for all questions. The Science section is unique to the ACT and tests data interpretation, analysis, and scientific reasoning.

Conversely, the SAT consists of two main sections: Evidence-Based Reading and Writing (EBRW) and Math, with an optional Essay (discontinued after June 2021 in many states due to the changing requirements of colleges). The SAT emphasizes deep critical thinking and problem-solving skills. Its Math section is divided into two parts: one that allows a calculator and one that doesn’t, with a focus on algebra and data analysis.

The ACT is scored on a scale of 1–36, with the final score being the average of the four sections. The SAT uses a total score range of 400–1600, combining scores from the EBRW and Math sections, each scored on a 200–800 scale.

Students who have taken one test and want to compare their performance to the other can use a conversion chart. Below is an approximate ACT to SAT conversion guide based on percentile rankings:

ACT Composite Score                          SAT Total Score (Approximate)

36                                                             1570–1600

34–35                                                     1490–1560

31–33                                                     1390–1480

28–30                                                     1300–1380

24–27                                                     1180–1290

21–23                                                     1060–1170

16–20                                                     880–1050

11–15                                                     680–870

Choosing between the ACT and SAT is not just about the test itself, but also about your unique test-taking style, academic strengths, and college requirements. You have the power to choose the test that best suits you. Familiarity with the test formats and practice can help improve scores on either exam, giving you the confidence to excel.